Paolo Pelosi, Professor in Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Director of the Specialty School in Anesthesiology and Intensive Care at the University of Genoa, Head of Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and Regional Poison Control Center at San Martino Policlinico Hospital, in Genoa, Italy. He served as President of the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA) and actually is the President of the College of Professors of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care in Italy. He was awarded by the Cecil Gray Medal as well as Sir Macintosh Award. He is Author or Co-Author of over 700 medical and scientific peer review papers, 130 book chapters and he has lectured in more than 1700 national and international meetings on ventilation management during the perioperative period and on the pathophysiology and treatments of acute respiratory failure.